Essay Outline on Topics in Health and Wellness Options

Essay Outline on Topics in Health and Wellness Options The argument with respect to child nutritional troubles, particularly being overweight, can be managed. An individual would not expect to find a health environment which doesn't have a superior medical care system. Obviously, decent health can be equated to productivity within this context and without it, more conflicts may come up that could be very difficult to cope with. The key in ensuring emotional health is to at all times gauge our feelings and knowing the way to deal with it properly. The Fight Against Essay Outline on Topics in Health and Wellness If the person is depressed, he cannot function normally. So, it's always advised to use the appropriate tools and decrease the chance of workplace injury. So, both students of healthcare programs together with students of any other specialty may have a task to compose an essay on health topic. So as to have a wholesome life, it's the right and responsibility of every person to deal with himself physically, mentally, psychologically and spiritually. The US government has produced certain strategies to enhance the wellness of the nation. And, naturally, community health promoters and women like Ouma help elevate the problem of cervical cancer and make demand for services. If folks are unhealthy, they may not be able to perform their everyday pursuits. They are faced with every-day activities that either mar or make their health. Before you pitch, understand what the publication has paid writers before. Chemistry is a subject which, basically, supplies you with useful information regarding the different substances or forms of materials which compose the physical world around us and the way in which they behave or react with one another. Various editors at the very same publication are often searching for different things. Ultimately, don't neglect to proof read your biology essay before the last submission. Citations and extracts from assorted sources have to be formatted properly. Informative speech papers can be written on quite a few topics and thus the very first is step is selecting the most appropriate topic for your paper. Articles and books are frequently the topic of the majority of analyses essays. We gathered all of the essential articles and set out. Essay Outline on Topics in Health and Wellness Can Be Fun for Everyone Conclusion There are a number of other approaches identified by researchers, and any approach which suits the individual ought to be applied. Maybe you presently have a generalized idea of what things to write in your mind, and the following will enable you to concentrate on some specific thought or perhaps change your choice. Being a student athlete I am required to keep an amount of physical activity prior to, during, and following my season. Living day after day in a fashion consistent with wellness principles is not simple. Limited funding and competing priorities are at the peak of the list. It's also advised to keep clear use of equipment shutoffs which may keep you from performing at emergency. Obtaining and keeping physical fitness is a consequence of physical activity, appropriate diet and nutrition and naturally proper rest for physical recovery. See a physical therapist immediately at the beginning of training. The one difference is that in a refinancing, you can receive the sum to utilize for various other purposes. In the event the issue still exists, it might be that the fuel pump itself is faulty. The test has a great deal of components, and you'll discover exam information below. You should guarantee there is seamless stream of information throughout your paper and your audience can be in a position to follow what it is you are saying from the start to the end. Informative speeches ought to be written using the right spelling, appropriate grammar and the proper punctuation. These functions are provided by this module.

The Black Plague, By Walter Wyman Essay - 1557 Words

There are many ways to explore any period in history. The period that we will look further into will be Medieval Europe. I found an academic article that explores deeper into that period, especially the Black plague. Assembling three primary sources of the black plague, each has a different perspective of what was portrayed in the academic article. Walter Wyman review’s The North American Review which argues where the Black Plague also known as the Bubonic Plague originated from. Wyman brings up that the plague was found in areas in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Additionally he claims the Plague had killed ancient Egyptian Kings and began to spread throughout Athens. Claiming that Athens had lost a whole third of its population. Although, it wasn’t until the sixth century that the Black Plague had been found in Europe. Surgeon General Walter Wyman explains that â€Å"In 542 it spread over Egypt, and passed to Constantinople, where it carried off 10,000 persons in one day, and in the same century appeared in Italy, and extended also along the northern coast of Africa† (Wyman 441). Wyman argues how incredibly fast this disease spread. Not to mention, how truly deadly it was. Furthermore, he adds that one fourth of Europe’s population had died which was around 25,000,000 people. Later bringing up the fact that when this epidemic in Europe happened in the fourteenth century, it sparked the first measures taken to try to stop the spread of this deadly disease. This fatal disease had no

Case Study Oil and Gas Management

Question: Can britain retain ownership of its former imperial oil company, BP? Answer: Introduction The British Petroleum (BP) has seen many a spills since 1970s when it was one of the three giants of the Globe. The oil drilling and refining have seen accidents like oil spill, fires and such disasters that have brought the entire existence of the firm into questions. To counter the 2010 Mexican tragedy in its Gulf the firm has to sell 40 Billion worth of asset to pay for 43 Billions of fines, legal cost and clean up jobs. The stakeholders have seen a reduction of 20% worth of stock value within this period where the overall growth for the sector was 20% in the globe. Therefore for investors the broader stock market indices have made it a takeover target. However the capitalization price was 107 Billion USD which rather increased to 190 USD and the firm holds a 20% stake with the Russian giant of Rosneft ad have announced a Billion USD for its restructuring and a 15% reduction in its capital expenditure. The plans for restructuring would succeed would let the business would succeed in maintaining its position or fail delivering is the question being critically analyzed herein. Advantages of a possible Takeover of BP The advantages a possible takeover for BP would mean that the business gave into its mistakes that made it run for its money. The Texas city mishap of fire and Deepwater disaster in 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico have made the business see a huge cost which can be avoided. The loss in terms of Asset value to meet the same is estimated high as 43 Billions for the purpose which makes the investor lose their money in the period when the Global sector 20% rise while BP say opposite. This has made the business gain advantage of fixing its new markets where it may compete and excavate for future. The futuristic plans get the money for new explorations as was business enters new era with improved products and safety on place on which the business may build its image up and reduce the use of water in plants as well as develop environmental consciousness among the user to improve the environmental position of the business. Further the lower oil price in the international market in 2015 may be a b arrier to the process of bidding as new investors may fear the loss of revenue if the market stays that was (Bp.com, 2015). Disadvantages of a Possible takeover The disadvantage would be to the stakeholders where they have invested with BP to get the fair return on investments price out of the same. The one fifth dip in the stock price have been borne by them but the takeover by a new management may make the investments risk as the commitment of one management would definitely differ to others. The cost of bearing the loss which gets subsequent asset sales loss for the investors would be a heavy burden. Again BP have some expertise in deepwater drilling and collaboration with Russian Rosneft that have made disadvantageous position for the business if they loose upon the aforesaid. The long term is being settles with a capital expenditure cut of 15% that would bear no attraction if the business is sold. With a takeover the long known Imperial brand of BP is expected to suffer a major setback which may outdo its position in the global oil and Gas market. People who are environment friendly would thus concentrate upon the alternative energy gen eration and distribution as the case would wake the conscience up for alternative energy generation (Afgan, 2010). Probable Bidders The BP is thus a target for the bidders after the loss of face in the environment and operational front. BP was considered one of the sisters in the International oil companies which composed of the Seven Sisters. Therefore in the case as said Exxon and Shell are the two biggest bidders for BP in the coming days. For its sustainability and the legal dues that the business owns, that bidder may sell of the assets to pay off the debts. However the long term dilemma stays when the business is tight and competitive and the venture to buy Shell for any one of the two is a big challenge. The one who buy BP has to shell out money to pay for the liabilities that the business has met. The probable cause is the low price of the fuel in the international market that has made the profits in the long run tight for the bidder, whosoever it is. Again, the 20% stake in the Russian Oil and Gas company has made the political views a bit complex. Sabet et al. (2012) suggests that the Exxon mobile CEO h ave good ties with the Russian government who may act as the ice breaker if Exxon comes to bid for the BP. Any other firm may find this difficult. The entry into the Russian market is to happen with influence that Shell lacks. Thus Exxon have the power to bid and win BP but the business of BP is undergoing a transition which is aimed to a long term sustainable future. Future of BP The future of BP there is two ways out which the business may consider. The selling off the business altogether would mean the loss of the age old brand by the business. Nevertheless, the sale would also mean that the strategies as taken up by BP have proved unsuccessful. The Mexican Gulf tragedy and the Deepwater leaks are the cases that have made the brand suffer a major jolt. The business is still a big brand in the Oil and Gas segment and one of the largest in the globe even today when market capitalization, reserve profits and production. The operations being so long for the brand that process have made the business integrated. The current day prices and regularized price rise and competitive pricing in the industry have lowered the price of oil. The fuel and transport segment is only of part of the BPs portfolio that have petrochemical products too as a part of production. Thus the rise and fall of fuel prices is just one headache for the brand as the other resources generated have a market price too. The 190 Billion of market valuation is to be paid by a bidder but the same is difficult to be collected in new operational and managerial set up of BP (The Guardian, 2013). Since each organization has its own special features that make it unique, BP too have its own ways. Buying and generating profits are to different story. BP is being operating via subsidiaries, branches, joint ventures etc in the global market as per the legal suitability. The presence of BP in all the continents of the globe was made easier by the followed policy in those parts that proved successful for BP. Further the globe is changing where the dependence of people on ecology is reducing and the pollution is on the rise. This has made the social awareness to rise which considers pollution a global menace. However, BP had a good name for itself as a responsible brand promoting sustainability. The loss of face was thus the biggest attack on the face of BP which had a good record. The accident made the business do something that would eventually change the way Petroleum companies work. The energy is considered to be fossil fuel derived product where the business has the capability t o change by introducing the alternate energy derivation. The lessening demand for fuel may act well for the brand which would give it the buffer time to consolidate the needed changes. The changes that would sustain the business for a long sustained future, was the motive. Reduction of capital expenditure along with addition of technology to exploit gas and oil in any geographic condition has given the brand the headway for the future (McKenna, 2010). The future of BP, with the incorporation of the aforesaid, is likely to generate a new business. The dependence of the society towards fossil fuel is reducing along with the price of the oil which has given the benefits to the brand by reducing its chances to be bought by other. The best value from the business over volume is the business target. The long term solutions to BPs problem would need safety to be a priority, development of projects with the best of recent technologies, is aimed towards a long term value generation (Coate et al. 2014). A strong financial would be an additional benefit which would draw investments as well as give the investors the desired returns. Generation of jobs, investments, livelihood are very primary few priorities that the business have created. The disadvantage is the loss of name whereas advantage to society was shift of focus for energy needs from one source to another. The other advantage to the business was a major cut in capital expenditure th at has made the business to focus upon the volume but not on all infrastructures it has at one time. BP has strategically determined a scope for itself where the focus is to produce from few mills at a time so that much more concentrated effort towards the safety can be put on any project on any given time (Crotts and Mazanec, 2013). The strategy would enable BP to put their focus more deeply into the sustainable business practice where the concentrated demand and supply shall be confined to a few mines and not on the region altogether. The low or volatility of the price has acted as a boon for BP in disguise. The use of the funds for acquisition needs a fast return that has been blocked by the changing oil price to a date in uncertainty. The buyers interested, like Exxon or Shell, is thus not as keen on the same grounds as the price of oil is ever diminishing. The diminishing price in such a market means that the invested money would have a longer return period and not a short term plan. The investors would thus keep the options open as buying BP would also mean buying BPs liabilities too. The takeover bids are thus not accelerated where the business attraction is reduced. The oil price is that barrier that would make a firm competing with BP thinks twice before the bid is made. The barriers to potential bidders are thus the long term investments, low return on investments, price volatility and changing consumer perception about the bio-fuel. The human resources of the firms are not the same so that may have its effect (Conard, 2013). The technologies used as well as the organizational cultures are not going to match for a BP employee if it is being sold. The changes may be permanent causing damage of repute to the brand. So a measured step forward and balancing act of execution and resource can be bought by investing in this case (Kirsch, 2010). Conclusion The businesses of BP being a global oil and gas business have its own flaws where the people are unhappy with the natural pollution it had created. The pollution have taken the face of BP to a place where the only possibility of BP is to balance its production and generate awareness about nonpolluting natural sources of energy. The case of BP in the past decade had been cases which have moved all in every location concerned about pollution and green house effects. The plans to take over the firm are risky for its competitors too seeing the political and price effects in the long term. The consumers motive has changed in the time when they wish to go for non-pollutants for energy needs and so the demands are there but the regulations have kept the price under control. The signal for a takeover was there but the conditions of the market and the competitive positioning has kept the brands away. The price and volatility of technology has made the firms come back a step where the brand li ke BP is investing 1 million to reconcile its operations further. List of references Afgan, N. (2010). Sustainability Paradigm: Intelligent Energy System. Sustainability, 2(12), pp.3812-3830. Bp.com, (2015). BP Magazine | Press | BP Global. [online] Available at: https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/press/bp-magazine.html [Accessed 7 Aug. 2015]. Bp.com, (2015). Products and services | BP Global. [online] Available at: https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/products-and-services.html [Accessed 7 Aug. 2015]. Coate, C., Holly, K. and McAllister, B. (2014). A Financial Analysis Exercise: Exxon Mobil vs. Royal Dutch Shell, US GAAP vs. IFRS. The BRC Academy Journal of Education, 4(1), pp.1-6. Conard, B. (2013). Some Challenges to Sustainability. Sustainability, 5(8), pp.3368-3381. Crotts, J. and Mazanec, J. (2013). Diagnosing the impact of an event on hotel demand: The case of the BP oil spill. Tourism Management Perspectives, 8, pp.60-67. Kirsch, S. (2010). Guest Editorial: Sustainability and the BP oil spill. Dialectical Anthropology, 34(3), pp.295-300. Lotfian, F., Kimiagari, A., Pejmannia, S. and Keivanloo, M. (2010). Pricing Policy in EPC Oil Gas Projects. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 1(2), pp.207-210. McKenna, P. (2010). Lessons from the BP oil spill. New Scientist, 208(2789), p.44. Sabet, S., Cam, M. and Heaney, R. (2012). Share market reaction to the BP oil spill and the US government moratorium on exploration. Australian Journal of Management, 37(1), pp.61-76. Stimeling, T. (2014). Music, Place, and Gulf Coast Tourism since the BP Oil Spill. Music and Politics, VIII(2). The Guardian, (2013). BP oil spill | Environment | The Guardian. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/bp-oil-spill [Accessed 7 Aug. 2015]

Kiera Duncanson Essays - Aviation Accidents And Incidents, Culture

Kiera Duncanson Alive Bethune Cookman University Ms. Vance February 8th, 2017 Abstract This paper will be about the movie Alive. Alive: The Story of the Andes Survivors is a 1974 book by the British writer Piers Paul Read documenting the events of Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571. This paper will also exemplify division of labor, tradeoffs, automatic actions, cultural pressure, praxis, psyche, survival, social animals, and culture and how it relates to each scene in the movie. Alive In the film Alive, battle is appeared in an extremely unequivocal and crude sense; it indicates what number of various ways individuals manage a hard time . An European rugby group crashes down in the Andes, and they each battle with the moment physical change in their own particular manner. Division of Labor Division of Labor is defined as the breakdown of labor into its component and their distribution among different people to increase efficiency. Throughout this movie, there were many scenes where division of labor was implemented. When the plane crashed, automatically, division of labor began to form. As captain of the Rugby team, Antonio immediately took on the leadership role and everyone fell into place. The first thought was to attempt to save the people who were still alive and in critical condition . Antonio appointed Roy, Zerbino, and Rafael to search for the other half of the tail of the plane later on in hopes to find the battery for the radio to call for help . Tradeoff Tradeoff is defined as giving up one thing in return for another thing. Throughout this movie, a lot was sacrificed. In order to keep a fire going, one of the players were willing to throw in their guitar in order for them to keep warm. All in all, the players risked their lives in exchange to survive a 72-day nightmare. Automatic Actions An automatic action is defined as the theory that the activities of humans and animals are controlled by physical or physiological causes rather than by consciousness. The best scene that shows this concept was around 47 minutes. Some of the players decided to climb the top of the mountain in order to get a better look of where they were, find the other half of the plane, and try to find help. As they continued to climb, part of the mountain caved in and one of the players slid down the mountain close enough to fall off. Automatically, without hesitation, the players linked up to bring him to safety. Cultural Pressure Cultural Pressure is defined as the cultural influence a peer group has on its members. An example of this term would be when Susanna was told in order to have another baby, she would have to eat. The only thing that they were eating were flesh from dead bodies at that point. Another example of Cultural Pressure was getting Roy to go with them to climb the mountain and look for help. He was scared and did not feel he could do it. He was pressure into continuing because they did not want to give up despite how cold it was. Praxis Praxis was defined as the practice of an art, science, or skill. The only example I could relate to this term would be the fact they had medical students on board attempting to help the wounded players and families. Psyche Psyche is defined as the center of thought, feeling, and motivation directing to its social/physical environment. At 7 minutes and 47 seconds the plane started to go through turbulence. The pilots of the plane were the first to experience this feeling. They knew the plane was going to crash. As the back half the plane ripped off, the players were in shock. I could only imagine the feelings and emotions they were going through. Survival Survival is defined as doing what we have to do to survive. In my opinion, this whole movie was based off survival from beginning to end. These players had to learn to survive in an environment they were not used to. They decided to unzip the seat covers and use them as blankets. They stacked up their suitcases in order to section off the plane from the

Hobbies Vocabulary for English Learners

Hobbies Vocabulary for English Learners Speaking about hobbies is an important part of any English class. As with any activity, hobbies can have lots of jargon, specific expressions, and idioms related to the particular hobby. This guide to hobbies vocabulary will help learners discuss hobbies using a wider range of vocabulary for more precision. Learn vocabulary in groups arranged by hobby types.   Hobbies Vocabulary Study List Discover with your partner each of the hobby types below. If you dont know the hobby, look the hobby up on the internet to discover photos and other clues to learn about that hobby. Try to use each hobby type in a short sentence to explain the hobby. Collecting Arts Crafts Model Electronic Action FiguresAntiquesAutograph CollectingCar CollectingCoin CollectingComic BooksConcert PostersDoll CollectingFine Art CollectingHot Wheel and Matchbox CarsMangaMovie MemorabiliaMusic MemorabiliaSpoon CollectingSports CollectiblesSports Trading CardsStamp CollectingVinyl RecordsWatch CollectingGun and Pistols AnimationArchitectureCalligraphyCandle MakingCrochetFilm MakingGardeningJewelry MakingOrigamiPhotographySewingSculptingCeramics / PotteryFashion DesignFloristryGraffitiKnittingPaper AirplanesPainting and DrawingQuiltingScrapbookingWoodworkingTattoo Ham RadioRC BoatsRC CarsRC HelicoptersRC PlanesRoboticsScale ModelsModel CarsModel AirplanesModel RailroadingModel RocketsModel Ship / Boat Kits Performing Arts Music Food Drink DancingBalletBreak DancingLine DancingSalsaSwingTangoWaltzActingJugglingMagic TricksPuppetryStand Up Comedy BanjoBass GuitarCelloClarinetDrum SetFrench HornGuitarHarmonicaOboePiano / KeyboardTrumpetTromboneViolinViolaRappingSingingStart A Band BartendingBeer BrewingBeer TastingCigar SmokingCheese TastingCoffee RoastingCompetitive EatingCookingLiquor DistillationHookah SmokingSpirits / Liquor TastingSushi MakingTea DrinkingWine MakingWine TastingSake TastingGrilling Pets Games CatsDogsParrotsRabbitsReptilesRodentsSnakesTurtlesFishkeeping Arcade GamesBall and JacksBilliards / PoolBoard GamesBridgeCard GamesCard TricksChessDominoesFoosballGeocachingJigsaw PuzzlesKite Flying / MakingMah JongPinball MachinesPokerTable Tennis - Ping PongVideo Games Individual Sports Team Sports Martial Arts Outdoor Activities Board Sports Motor Sports Archery Acrobatics Badminton Bodybuilding Bowling Boxing Croquet Cycling Diving Golf Gymnastics Fencing Horseback Riding Ice Skating Inline Skating Pilates Running Swimming Squash Tai Chi Tennis Weight Training Yoga basketballbaseballfootballcricketvolleyballsoccerwater polo AikidoJiu JitsuJudoKarateKung FuTaekwondo BirdwatchingCampingFishingHikingHuntingKayak and CanoeMountain BikingMountain climbingPaintballRiver RaftingRock ClimbingSailingScuba DivingFly FishingBackpacking KitesurfingSkateboardingSkiingSnowboardingSurfingWindsurfing AutoracingGo KartsMotocrossMotorcycle - TouringMotorcycle StuntsOff Road DrivingSnowmobiling Hobbies Vocabulary Exercises Use one of the hobby types to fill in the gap in the descriptions below. collectingmodels and electronicsperforming artsfood drinkgamesindividual sportsteam sportmartial artsoutdoor activity  board sportsmotorsports __________  requires you to find as many as possible of one type of thing such as baseball cards, or vinyl records.Arcade _____ include pinball machines and a wide variety of computer games that are played in a large room.You play a ________ if you play basketball, soccer or water polo.Snowboarding and windsurfing are types of ____________.If you like bartending and cooking you look _________.Head to the mountains to enjoy _________ such as kayaking, river ​rafting, and rafting.  ___________ such as snowmobiling and go karts can be rather expensive, especially if you dont know how to repair vehicles.  Some people prefer ______________ rather than team sports. These include boxing, fencing and golf.  People all over the world practice ________ such as Kung Fu and Aikido.  _________________ often include building your own model.  People who sing, act or dance participate in the _______________.   Answers collectingmodel and electronicsperforming artsfood drinkgamesindividual sportsteam sportmartial artsoutdoor activity  board sportsmotorsports Match the hobby or activity to the definition. In some cases, a number of hobbies may be correct. This is a type of dancing that comes from Vienna.This is an activity that involves smoking something that looks like a long, brown stick.This is an activity that involves making small reproductions of airplanes.You play this instrument with a bow.In order to keep these pets you shouldnt be queasy.This is an individual sport that can calm you, as well as keep you in shape.You might climb Everest if you do this hobby.Ride a motorized vehicle with two wheels for this hobby.If you collect this type of comic book, you might need to read Japanese.This hobby involves telling jokes.You must know poker and blackjack if you do this hobby.You must have a good relationship with animals to participate in this sport.This martial art comes from Korea.Fly down the snowy hill on a board with this hobby.Your partner will be stuffed if you take up this hobby. Answers WaltzCigar smokingModel airplanesViolin / Viola / CelloRodents / Snakes / ReptilesYoga / Tai Chi / PilatesMountain climbingMotocross / Motorcycle - Touring / Motorcycle StuntsMangaStand up comedyCard gamesHorseback ridingTaekwondoSnowboarding / SkiingCooking Using Hobby Vocabulary in Class Here are two suggestions on how you can use this list in classroom activities. If you dont attend an English class, you can certainly use these ideas on your own and with English learning friends. Give a Presentation Ask students to choose a hobby theyd like to learn.Ask students to develop a presentation on the hobby using PowerPoint or another slideshow program.   Extend the presentation by asking students to come up with their own gap fill activity to test fellow students on their presentation. 20 Questions Ask students to choose a hobby they know well.Have students get into small groups of three or four.Each student takes a turn. Other students should ask yes/no questions to find out the hobby in a game of 20 questions.

Battle of the Saintes in the American Revolution

Battle of the Saintes in the American Revolution Battle of the Saintes - Conflict Dates: The Battle of the Saintes was fought April 9-12, 1782, during the American Revolution (1775-1783). Fleets Commanders British Admiral Sir George RodneyRear Admiral Samuel Hood36 ships of the line French Comte de Grasse33 ships of the line Battle of the Saintes - Background: Having won a strategic victory at the Battle of the Chesapeake in September 1781, Comte de Grasse took his French fleet south to the Caribbean where it aided in the capture of St. Eustatius, Demerary, St. Kitts, and Montserrat. As the spring of 1782 progressed, he made plans to unite with a Spanish force before sailing to capture British Jamaica. Grasse was opposed in these operations by a smaller British fleet led by Rear Admiral Samuel Hood. Aware of the danger posed by the French, the Admiralty dispatched Admiral Sir George Rodney with reinforcements in January 1782. Arriving at St. Lucia in mid-February, he was immediately concerned about the scope of British losses in the area. Uniting with Hood on the 25th, he was equally disturbed by condition and supply situation of his compatriots vessels. Shifting stores to compensate for these deficiencies, Rodney deployed his forces to intercept French reinforcements and box de Grasse into Martinique. Despite these efforts, some additional French ships reached de Grasses fleet at Fort Royal. On April 5, the French admiral sailed with 36 ships of the line and steered for Guadeloupe where he intended to board additional troops. Battle of the Saintes - Opening Moves: Pursuing with 37 ships of the line, Rodney caught up to the French on April 9, but fitful winds prevented a general engagement. Instead a minor battle was fought between Hoods van division and the rearmost French ships. In the fight, Royal Oak (74 guns), Montagu (74), and Alfred (74) were damaged, while the French Caton (64) took a heavy battering and steered away for Guadeloupe. Using a freshening wind, the French fleet drew away and both sides took April 10 to rest and repair. Early on April 11, with a strong wind blowing, Rodney signaled general chase and resumed his pursuit. Spotting the French the next day, the British bore down on a French straggler forcing de Grasse to turn to defend it. As the sun set, Rodney expressed confidence that the battle would be renewed the next day. With dawn breaking on April 12, the French were sighted a short distance away as the two fleets maneuvered between the northern end of Dominica and Les Saintes. Ordering line ahead, Rodney turned the fleet to head north-northeast. As Hoods van division had been battered three days earlier, he directed his rear division, under Rear Admiral Francis S. Drake, to take the lead. Battle of the Saintes - The Fleets Engage: Leading the British line, HMS Marlborough (74), Captain Taylor Penny, opened the battle around 8:00 AM when he approached the center of the French line. Easing north to remain parallel with the enemy, the ships of Drakes division passed the remaining length of de Grasses line as the two sides exchanged broadsides. Around 9:00 AM, Drakes rearmost ship, HMS Russell (74), cleared the end of the French fleet and hauled wind. While Drakes ships had taken some damage, they had inflicted a severe battering on the French. As the battle progressed, the strong winds of the previous day and night began to temper and became more variable. This had a dramatic effect on the next stage of the fight. Opening fire around 8:08 AM, Rodneys flagship, HMS Formidable (98), engaged the French center. Deliberately slowing, it engaged de Grasses flagship, Ville de Paris (104), in a protracted fight. As the winds lightened, a smoky haze descended on the battle impeding visibility. This, along with the wind shifting to the south, caused the French line to separate and bear to the west as it could not hold its course into the wind. The first to be affected by this shift, Glorieux (74) quickly was pounded and dismasted by British fire. In quick succession, four French ships fell afoul of each other. Sensing an opportunity, Formidable turned to starboard and brought its port guns to bear on these ships. Piercing the French line, the British flagship was followed by five of its comrades. Slicing through the French in two places, they hammered de Grasses ships. To the south, Commodore Edmund Affleck also grasped the opportunity and led the rearmost British ships through the French line inflicting significant damage. Battle of the Saintes - Pursuit: With their formation shattered and their ships damaged, the French fell away to the southwest in small groups. Collecting his ships, Rodney attempted to redeploy and make repairs before pursuing the enemy. Around midday, the wind freshened and the British pressed south. Quickly capturing Glorieux, the British caught up to the French rear around 3:00 PM. In succession, Rodneys ships captured CÃ ©sar (74), which later exploded, and then Hector (74) and Ardent (64). The final capture of the day saw the isolated Ville de Paris overwhelmed and taken along with de Grasse. Battle of the Saintes - Mona Passage: Breaking off the pursuit, Rodney remained off Guadeloupe until April 18 making repairs and consolidating his fleet. Late that day, he dispatched Hood west to attempt to head off those French ships which had escaped the battle. Spotting five French ships near the Mona Passage on April 19, Hood captured Ceres (18), Aimable (30), Caton, and Jason (64). Battle of the Saintes - Aftermath: Between the engagements of April 12 and 19, Rodneys forces captured seven French ships of the line as well as a frigate and sloop. British losses in the two fights totaled 253 killed and 830 wounded. French losses numbered around 2,000 killed and wounded and 6,300 captured. Coming on the heels of the defeats at Chesapeake and the Battle of Yorktown as well as the territorial losses in the Caribbean, the victory at the Saintes helped to restore British morale and reputation. More immediately, it eliminated the threat to Jamaica and provided a springboard for reversing the losses in the region. The Battle of the Saintes is generally remembered for the innovative breaking of the French line. Since the battle, there has been great debate as to whether Rodney ordered this maneuver or his fleet captain, Sir Charles Douglas. In the wake of the engagement, both Hood and Affleck were highly critical of Rodneys pursuit of the French on April 12. Both felt that a more vigorous and protracted effort could have led to the capture of 20 French ships of the line.

Applying Lean To E-Commerce Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Applying Lean To E-Commerce Business - Essay Example The typical example of such well-known e-commerce business with production problem is Disney Shop.Disney Store uses e-commerce as a mainstream approach to the sale of the variety of products through online stores. Users of the online store login, create the account, select preferred items, go through a payment system, and have the products shipped to them within an identified time. Financial records from the business, however, shows production related problems whereby the companies are recording increases in revenues but still have declining profits (Disney Stores, 2014). Hines (2008) noted that a typical cause of such a situation is the high level of waste in the production system, reducing the productivity and efficiency levels of the company significantly. With such reduced productivity and efficiency, the company will be making more revenue but due to high expenditure, the income does not balance the expenditure and so there are losses. The overall aim of lean thinking is to ensure that there are high benefit and value from production through the elimination of waste (Womack, Jones & Ross, 1990). The reason lean is seen as useful in solving the problem is that it will ensure that all forms of waste that have created unwarranted expenditure will be done away with. In any typical organization such as Disney Store, when lean is adopted, there are seven major types of wastes that are targeted for elimination. These include production defects, overproduction, unnecessary transportation, long waiting, unnecessary inventory, unnecessary motion, and over-processing (Hines, 2008). For most companies, once these forms of wastes are available, they would be seen to be making a lot of sales but in reality, they lack profitability. The reason for lacking profitability is because the wastes bring about the huge cost of production that consumes the sales.

Cell biology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cell biology - Research Paper Example The study of cells using microscopes can either be through transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy and optical microscopy (Lodish, 411). There are a number of techniques that are commonly used in cell biology. Immunohistochemisty/ immunostaining is a useful histological technique that locates (tags) proteins in tissues and cells through fluorescence microscopy (towards various desired goals). Another common technique, cell culture, is used to grow cells under special conditions in the lab, outside a living organism while gene knock down is a method used to elicit mutation in a selected gene. Computational genomics identifies certain patterns in genomic data as DNA microarrays are essential in noting variations in transcript levels of various experimental circumstances. The method of PCR indicates the number of gene copies found in the cell and the process of transfection introduces into a cell an entirely new gene. To discover which cells are expressing a certain transcript of RNA, cell biologists use in situ hybridization. During cell biology, purification of cells can be accomplished using techniques such as flow c ytometry, cell fractionation, immunoprecipitation, and so on (Pollard and William, 418). Some of the processes of the cell commonly studied by cell biologists include active and passive transport, adhesion, cell movement, DNA repair (cell death and senescence), gene expression, metabolism, cell signaling, division and autophagy. Knowledge of cell biology is useful in fields such as cancer research and other disciplines like genetics, microbiology, immunology, molecular biology, developmental biology, biochemistry, anatomy, biostatistics, ecology, epidemiology, histology, mycology, reproductive biology, toxicology, virology, bacteriology, and so on (Pollard and William,

Marriage and Dowry Essay Example for Free

Marriage and Dowry Essay Woman a daughter, a sister, a wife and a grandmother, throughout her life she dreams of having a wonderful life, a life to see to it that her marks in the school will make her parents happy, a life to see to it that her husband stays healthy, a life to see to it that her children study for their exams and a life to die seeing others happy. She cares for others, more than herself, then why we see her so much vulnerable in every moment of her life. So many issues to talk about women, rape being the most popular issue on women in the present time, almost all the women, in India, are vulnerable to this offence. But just like rape, the dowry system has affected the women psychologically, physically and emotionally. The dowry system kills her like a slow poison. The custom of dowry, in India, has spread through the hierarchy of social stratification. Several feminists suggest that the practice was initially adopted by the upper castes, then over a period of time it has been passed down into lower castes, and eventually reaches the untouchables, the outcasts. As the sociological studies suggests, often lower groups intend to copy there dominant group in there society. India ranks 136, in Human Development Index, among 187 counties around the world. This show, the people in India are in very bad condition and more than half of the population lives in poverty. The reason for poverty in India, if we look historically, it is because of the caste system, which restricted half of the population, in India, to develop, as even in present time 66% of Dalits are poor, and if we look in present time, education has deprived the poor from getting a better standards of living. It is these poorer sections as well as the middle class of our country who, not being educated and having good standard of living are still governed by old customs and traditions and continue to practise the dowry system, were in the name of gifting the groom the bride’s family is put into debt. But even in many rich families too, this system is being followed, even though they are well educated. The sums of cash and goods involved, as dowry, are often so large that the payment can lead to vicious cycle of debt in the bridal family. This has a very bad effect on the lives of unmarried women who are considered as economic liabilities by their parents, this leads to preference of boy over girl, leading to female infanticide and among the married women; they are physically and mentally harmed by their husbands and his family members, if promised dowry are not forthcoming. Modernization in India has became a barrier to many customs to be continued, like the caste system, the child marriage etc. but modernization has also lead to increase in practise of certain customs which were restricted to certain communities, as mentioned above. When we see caste, dowry and modernization, they are all inter linked with each other. With modernization, individual is not restricted to do his caste occupation and has chances to have good standard of living. Since new income and earning opportunities, brought about by modernization, are predominantly filled by men, there price tag of dowry increased. After analysing the historical developments of dowry system among the people in India, who are governed under Hindu law, now let us look at the Muslims, who are the 2nd largest population in India. Despite the fact that Islam’s beauty lies in simplicity and it recommends simple marriage, some transgressions such as dowry have crept into Muslim society in a wide range. When we look through Quran, we come across â€Å"Mahr†. According to â€Å"mahr† it is a mandatory payment, in the form of money or possessions paid by the groom, or by grooms father, to the bride at the time of marriage that legally becomes bride’s property. But as time has passed by, Muslims have changed their character and are following their Hindu counterparts in demanding and offering dowry both, in heavy cash and kind. The competition among the rich and well-to-do section of the Muslim community to reserve a good match for their daughters for whatever the demand is, has increased. Education has hardly has any influence on the minds of the people in respect of dowry. On the contrary, a highly educated man expects a higher amount of dowry, just as it happens among the Hindus. The violence committed on women, for dowry, has increased in recent times. If we observe properly, as to why this dowry violence takes place, we can see a broader picture. The reason for dowry is mainly because the women are seen as less productive than man, concept of dowry itself shows that one’s gender determines one’s worth. The roots of this deficiency can be seen were even a bride, who may be well educated and earning than her husband, will still have to pay the dowry price, just like the other bride who is not educated and not earning. And in some instances too, were even if demands for dowry were to be satisfied fully, young women would continue to face torture and harassment in their in-laws homes because of women’s custom-sanctioned-inferiority. Dowry deaths are example of patriarchal authority. In some cases, the patriarchal authority expresses itself by murdering the young women by burning with kerosene (most frequent in urban areas) or drowning (common in rural areas). Other methods employed to murder include poisoning and physical battery. These facts and historical development shows that it is because of the disrespect and uncultured behaviour that we show towards women, has lead to female infanticide, uneducated girls, sexual harassment, dowry system, heavy debt in bride’s family and domestic violence. Let us all respect women, and treat them has equals, because only this solution, will lead to abolishment of many social evils against women.

Essay examples --

The overall attractiveness of the PC manufacturing business is affected by several factors. These include general macroeconomic conditions as well as industry specific factors such as the unique economic features of the industry, competitive forces, forces of change, the market position and expected behavior of the various competitors already in the industry, and the industry’s key success factors. This report examines each of these factors in turn to arrive at an overall assessment of the attractiveness of the industry, and the types of companies that would, or would not be, attracted to it. The analysis starts with an assessment of the macroeconomic conditions affecting the market The PC marketplace has plausibly grasped its maximum penetration in words of households and businesses. At this point, substitute due to wreck and obsolescence due to increasingly demanding requests are the main drivers of new PC by (see Pace of Technical Change – page 15). Substitute reports for 80% of U.S. PC purchases. As countless of these demanding requests are in the home-computer marketplace dema...

UK Competitiveness

More than 200 projects in rail, road, local transport, flood defenses, broadband, airport infrastructure and waste management are due to start construction in 2014 to 2015 alone. This has been undertaken to improve UK businesses ability to transport goods, to communicate and make the UK a more attractive place to set up a business or invest. UK companies may gain advantages due to these improvements in infrastructure that improve their competitiveness. On the other hand, investment in infrastructure is not cheap, huge sums of money has been dedicated to development projects and this money could have been spent elsewhere.The Investment In Infrastructure Is a good Idea, as It helps I-J firms become more efficient and can reduce costs, making them more nominative Increasing access to finance Is another measure that has been undertaken via the creation of the funding for lending scheme and the El ban business bank. The increased access to capital for business may lead to increased invest ment in improving technology, becoming more productive or growing in size. These can only help UK companies become more competitive on global markets and help increase their exports.This does encourage investment by businesses on growing and becoming more competitive but it also is not a guarantee that they will do so. Businesses may not see it as advantageous to invest at that time and may hold on to their money, having no positive effects on UK competitiveness. In addition an increased tax allowance leads to decreased tax receipts which reduces the governments income whilst is already running at a deficit and may mean it cannot spend money elsewhere. The government is undergoing the process of cutting corporation tax from 23% to 20% by 2015.This will make the UK a more attractive place to set up a business and encourages Investment Into the country. However It does mean that the UK will see reduced tax receipts which may reduce public pending as less money Is available and this wi ll have a negative effect on competitiveness. Also, companies may decide not to invest money saved from business regulation involves removing two regulations whenever one new one is created and this helps business to develop and grow as there are fewer barriers to pass through to get things done.Also there is no cost to this policy which means that no money is taken away from other sectors or areas of spending. A negative effect of the policy is that too much deregulation could have severe negative effects on the economy, as seen by the crisis of 2008. Steps to improve the education system have begun via changes to the curriculum to promote mathematics and improve English skills, as well as improving training and increasing both the quality and the number of apprenticeships available to people in the I-J.These steps can help to improve competitiveness as if your workforce is more skilled then they will generally see a rise in productivity an increased likelihood of inward investment leading to higher efficiency. Business may develop new technology making them more competitive as result as a better educated workforce. However, there is a time lag, these measures ill take years to have an effect and may not be so desperately required in the future.Also the effect of labor costs may still mean the business invest or set up elsewhere, as cost overrides skill and this will not improve competitiveness. In conclusion, every measure has its downfalls but it is the way they are implemented and how they are regulated that decides their effectiveness. For example, investment in infrastructure cannot be set too high so that it drags from other areas and taxes should be cut to encourage investment and promote business growth but cut to a level that is beneficial for both business and the economy as a whole.

Explaining benefits of HRM practices within Unilever Essay

1. Benefits for Employer: For an employer, it is beneficial for its company growth that its workers perform well. An employer will always try to find the suitable candidates for suitable positions. It is always important for a company to get its job done efficiently and with less time which HRM practices help (Brewster and Hegewisch, 2017). HRM helps in the management of performance through proper business planning which is the first stage. It is designed for performance standardization along with budget outputs. HRM practices monitor the Performance of employees to ensure accuracy, communication, and discipline among workers. Overall it adds to the global company image and perception towards other competitive companies. 2. Benefits for Employee: HRM is involved not only in securing and enhancing the efficiency of each worker but also in providing definite plans for efficient communication between different workers in order to make organizational development (Obeidat and Abdallah, 2014). The importance of introducing individuals to the ethics of the company is emphasized by value-based interviewing. The employees are given progressive activities from coaching, training, projects, mentoring, and assignments. All these activities help an individual to enhance its efficiency. For the employee, it is beneficial because it nurtures the qualities within. M3 Different methods used in HRM Practices within Unilever 1. Strategic Planning: The first stage is Strategic planning is detailed planning of the business. The business planning steps are designed in such a way so as to extract standardized performance is generally conducted through a 6month mid-year period, the planning process of strategic business is crucial to the assessment of present capability and performance of a business. 2. Training and development: HRM practices regarding training and development specializes coordination in forming a strong relationship between the employer and employee. The area for training and development of HR also focusing on training that emphasizes the company’s fair trade practices and employee growth to prepare promising leaders for management and supervisory roles. 3. Employee satisfaction: A positive relation between the employee and HR help the company to achieve its objectives, morale and improves performance. This mainly comprises of achieving satisfaction, levels along the workforce (Zibarras and Coan, 2015). It helps to create ways to give strength to the employer-employee relations. Opinion surveys of employees are administered, a focus group is conducted related to job satisfaction and the steps the employer can maintain proper working relationships. 4. Recruitment: Employment process is being managed by the HRM department from examining resumes to scheduling interviews to new employees processing. They determine the most efficient for recruiting candidates. 5. Selection: professional HRs work with managers so as to effect good recruitment decisions, according to what the organizations need. They work together regarding standard hiring methods to ensure that the companies extend offers to suitable persons. 6. Compliance: HR workers need to make sure that the organization complies with legal regulations. They complete the necessary paperwork for documenting that the employees eligible to work in the country. They also comply with the organizational laws receive state or federal government contracts by ensuring flow logs of the applicant. References Brewster, C. and Hegewisch, A. eds., (2017).  Policy and Practice in European Human Resource Management: The Price Waterhouse Cranfield Survey. Abingdon: Taylor & Francis. Obeidat, B.Y. and Abdallah, A.B., (2014). The relationships among human resource management practices, organizational commitment, and knowledge management processes: A structural equation modeling approach.  International Journal of Business and Management,  9(3), p.9. Zibarras, L.D., and Coan, P., (2015). HRM practices used to promote pro-environmental behavior: a UK survey.  The International Journal of Human Resource Management,  26(16), pp.2121-2142.

The Louisville Slugger

The Louisville Slugger The Louisville Slugger The Louisville Slugger has been at the heart of baseball since 1884. A brand name of The Hillerich Bradsby Co., Slugger has dominated the market of wooden bats for decades. However, in the 1970's, introduction of aluminum brought unforeseen changes within the company's industry. When aluminum bats were approved for amateur and college play, the wood bat production fell from 7 million to 800 000. HB had to do something about it; otherwise, they would be out of business. Meanwhile, large aluminum companies were already involved in the baseball bat production, in order to increase their aluminum sales. Alcoa Inc. was one of them. Slugger made a decision to buy Alcoa manufacturing plant in order to establish its own production. That was an exceptionally smart solution. By doing so, they exempted themselves from unnecessary competition. If they had let Alcoa continue produce bats, Louisville's enterprise, probably, would have come to a halt. Afterwards, Slugger has built a new plant in C alifornia. The location was chosen in order to stay closer to the major aluminum suppliers. Transportation costs of materials play a significant role on the net present value (NPV). NPV is the difference between the market value of the product and the cost of its production. Therefore, close location to the materials supplier decreases the cost of production significantly. Slugger makes three different varieties of bets. Adult bets, youth bets, and softball bets. They all feature barrel diameters between 2 and 2 inches. Tubes are cut to lengths from 16 to 30 inches. Therefore, a number of different set ups is provided to facilitate manufacturing. It is a well-known fact that product variety adds to costs for any assembly. Various tube sizes have to be cut that raises material losses. Workers have to modify five different machinery set-ups every day. It takes from 10 to 15 minutes to make that change. In total one hour of the productive time is wasted just to adapt to the new product. Therefore, manufacturing productivity decreases. Productivity is a measure of how well inputs are used in the business. It is a ratio of the created product to the input applied. In order to calculate the cost of machinery alteration, an amount of items manufactured has to be known beforehand. Louisville plant produces 5500 bats a day. If we divide a total number of bats by the amount of hours a day, we will get 229 bats manufactured each hour. Hereafter, we should multiply this amount by the market price of a single bet to determine the cost of the time spent on the machinery alteration. The next important concept is machine utilization. It is a productivity measure for equipment that is equal to actual running time divided by time available. This figure is expected to decrease with the increase in the product variety. There are about 300 models of bats currently produced at the Ontario plant in California. There are approximately 50 machinery set ups that have to be operated to facilitate manufacturing. Aluminum bats are more complex to make. In order to increase efficiency, an employee is trained on one station only. This tactics assists workers to gain good skills; therefore, their performance is increased significantly. There is a considerable demand for aluminum bats in baseball today. However, professional league has not accepted them yet. This has to do with the ball speed. It has been proven that baseball hit by the aluminum bat came off so fast that it could hurt the player. Consequently, NCAA Executive Committee approved the new ball-speed standards requiring the baseball to come off no faster than 93 mph. Therefore, new bats had to perform like wooden bats. This was quite a challenge for the bat producing companies. Transition to the new bat design would increase the company's losses. It takes three years to create, test, and implement new alloys for the bat's manufacturing. Therefore, the company has to continue producing bats that do not qualify for sports competitions, yet only for the home use. Consequently, market share reduces causing a substantial profit loss. When a regulating agency brings new design standards, manufacturer is forced to buy new materials or equipment to fulfill those requirements. For instance, in 1998, NCAA mandate imputed that bats used by college players had to be heavier and narrower. That requirement would involve some new material to be placed inside the tube; otherwise, thickness had to be increased. This is a good example how significant it is to maintain the safety-stock levels. This is an additional inventory used to help in meeting the demand uncertainty. Sports industry companies should adapt to technological changes constantly in order to adapt to new standards. Hillerich Bradsby has its own plant in California. All the processes are maintained by them from start to finish. They have an enormous technological capability to bring changes to their designs and follow new trends in the market. The company's peak shipping periods are in February and March. The plant has plenty of operating time to administer new modifications. Louisville Slugger continued to maintain its market share due to timely response to technological changes by purchasing fully stocked plant in California back in 1970's. Heaving learned how to manufacture aluminum bats, Slugger provided itself with a strong customer base that makes up 95% of all consumer market today.

The Meaning of Form Follows Function

The Meaning of 'Form Follows Function' Form follows function is an architectural phrase often heard, not well understood, and hotly discussed by students and designers for over a century. Who gave us the most famous phrase in architecture, and how did Frank Lloyd Wright expand its meaning? Key Takeaways The phrase form follows function was coined by architect Louis H. Sullivan in his 1896 essay The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered.The statement refers to the idea that a skyscrapers exterior design should reflect the different interior functions.The Wainwright Building in St. Louis, Missouri, and the Prudential Building in Buffalo, New York, are two examples of skyscrapers whose form follows their functions. Architect Louis Sullivan Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Louis Sullivan (1856-1924) helped pioneer the American skyscraper mainly in the Midwest, creating a Sullivanesque style that changed the face of architecture. Sullivan, one of the great figures in American architecture, influenced the language of the style of architecture that characterized what became known as the Chicago School. Often called Americas first truly modern architect, Sullivan argued that a tall buildings exterior design (form) should reflect the activities (functions) that take place inside its walls, represented by mechanical equipment, retail stores, and offices. His  1891 Wainwright Building in St. Louis, Missouri, is an iconic showcase for Sullivans philosophy and design principles. Observe the terra cotta facade of this early steel frame tall building: The lower floors require a different natural lighting window configuration than the central seven floors of interior office space and the top attic area. The Wainwrights three-part architectural form is similar to partners Adler and Sullivans taller 1896 Prudential Guaranty Building in Buffalo, New York, a similar form because these structures had similar functions. Prudential Guaranty in Buffalo, New York. Dacoslett/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY-SA 3.0 The Rise of Skyscrapers The skyscraper was new in the 1890s. More dependable steel being made by the Bessemer process could be used for posts and beams. The strength of a steel framework allowed buildings to be taller without needing thick walls and flying buttresses. This framework was revolutionary, and Chicago School architects knew the world had changed. The U.S. after the Civil War had changed from rural to urban-centered, and steel became the building blocks of a new America. Tall buildings major use- office work, a byproduct of the Industrial Revolution- was a new function in need of a new urban architecture. Sullivan understood both the magnitude of this historical change in architecture and the possibility that beauty may be left behind in the rush to be the tallest and the newest. The design of the tall office building takes its place with all other architectural types made when architecture, as has happened once in many years, was a living art. Sullivan wanted to build beautiful buildings, like Greek temples and Gothic cathedrals. He set out to define principles of design in his 1896 essay, The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered, published the same year as the Prudential Guaranty Building rose tall in Buffalo. Sullivans legacy- besides instilling ideas in his young apprentice, Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959)- was to document a design philosophy for multi-use buildings. Sullivan put his beliefs into words, ideas that continue to be discussed and debated today. Prudential Building, 1896, Buffalo, New York. Dacoslett/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY-SA 3.0 Form All things in nature have a shape, Sullivan said, that is to say, a form, an outward semblance, that tells us what they are, that distinguishes them from ourselves and from each other. That these shapes express the inner life of the thing is a law of nature, which should be followed in any organic architecture. Sullivan suggests that the exterior shell of the skyscraper should change in appearance to reflect interior functions. If this new organic architectural form was to be part of natural beauty, the buildings facade should change as each interior function changes. Function Common interior areas by function included mechanical utility rooms below grade, commercial areas in the lower floors, mid-story offices, and a top attic area generally used for storage and ventilation. Sullivans description of office space may have been organic and natural at first, but decades later many people mocked and ultimately rejected what they thought was Sullivans dehumanization, which he also expressed in The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered: an indefinite number of stories of offices piled tier upon tier, one tier just like another tier, one office just like all the other offices, an office being similar to a cell in a honey-comb, merely a compartment, nothing more The birth of the office was a profound event in American history, a milestone that affects us even today. Its not surprising, then, that Sullivans 1896 phrase form follows function has echoed through the ages, sometimes as an explanation, often as a solution, but always as a design idea expounded by one architect in the 19th century. Form and Function Are One Sullivan was a mentor to Wright, his young draftsman, who never forgot Sullivans lessons. As he did with Sullivans designs, Wright took the words of his lieber meister (dear master) and made them his own: Form and function are one. He came to believe that people were misusing Sullivans idea, reducing it to a dogmatic slogan and an excuse for foolish stylistic constructions. Sullivan used the phrase as a starting point, according to Wright. Beginning from within outward, the concept that Sullivans function within should describe the outward appearance, Wright asks, The ground already has form. Why not begin to give at once by accepting that? Why not give by accepting the gifts of nature? So what are the factors to consider in designing the exterior? Wrights answer is dogma for organic architecture; the climate, soil, building materials, type of labor used (machine-made or hand-crafted), the living human spirit that makes a building architecture. Wright never rejects Sullivans idea; he suggests that Sullivan didnt go far enough intellectually and spiritually. Less is only more where more is no good, Wright wrote. Form follows function is mere dogma until you realize the higher truth that form and function are one. Sources Gutheim, Frederick, editor. Frank Lloyd Wright on Architecture: Selected Writings (1894-1940). Grossets Universal Library, 1941.Sullivan, Louis H. The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered. Lippincotts Magazine, March 1896.Wright, Frank Lloyd. The Future of Architecture. New American Library, Horizon Press, 1953.

Post Revolutionary War Rebellions in America Research Paper

Post Revolutionary War Rebellions in America - Research Paper Example This Rebellion is named after Daniel Shay, a veteran of the revolutionary war who returned from the war to find that like most of the other farmers; he had also incurred a huge amount of debt in a short time. The farmers petitioned against the courts but the courts comprising of mostly wealthy merchants were unconcerned with the plight of the poor farmers. This unconcerned attitude of the wealthy merchants forced the farmers to rebel against the system and thus the rebellion took shape under the guidance of Daniel Shay and other leader such as Henry Gale, Luke Days, and Samuel Ely etc. While the rebellion ended with the execution of most of the rebels, the rebellion still made its mark on history. The government realized the impact of the need for a central government. Also this rebellion opened the eyes of many of the plight of the poor and their inability to demand any power in the system. In this paper, we will discuss how the disparity between the rich and the poor led to Shay’s rebellion and how Shay’s rebellion was similar to other rebellion because of the clash between the rich and the poor. We attempt to understand the rebellion by exploring disparity between the rich and the poor as a catalyst and cause of the rebellions. ... had taken loans from the merchants whom they were unable to pay because the low prices of the crops and the economic condition of the country after the Revolutionary War. In order to fund the Revolutionary War, the government had taken debts from war investors residing in different country. Due to the depression that usually follows a war; the government was unable to repay the loan on a timely matter. American owed 5 million to Britain and who demanded hard currency in the form of gold and silver. To relieve these loans, the government increased the taxes of the public. Since the Congress at that time had no power over the taxes, they pressurized the states to increase the taxes. While the taxes increased for everyone, the farmers felt the biggest burden since their taxes were the highest and they already belonged to the poor class. This unfair debt collection forced the farmers to rebel against the system as their earning only fulfilled the needs of their families and they did not have anything left to pay taxes with. Inflation was also on the rise after the revolutionary war since each state had started the practice of creating their paper currency. ‘During the war with Great Britain, Congress and the 13 states (formerly colonies) flooded paper currency into the economy, in an effort to meet the need for suppliers for the army and the militia’ (Danver, 208). This rendered the paper currency as worthless and led to an increase in inflation which may have benefited the rich merchants but was felt hard by the poor farmers. The farmers in order to pay their loans took debts from the local merchants. Since the farmers earned only enough to support their families, the debt continued to increase while the taxes were also increasing at a steady rate. Most of the

Identify and describe the major problems of domestic violence by Essay

Identify and describe the major problems of domestic violence by comparing present-day American society to that of at least 2 ot - Essay Example The problems related with domestic violence are numerous, and these issues are managed in different cultures in different ways. In the United States, the problems of domestic violence are frightening and it is established in several studies that, on an average, four women are murdered by male partner on a daily basis in the nation and the number of women killed due to domestic violence is alarmingly high. Whereas the magnitude of domestic violence in the U.S. is shocking, this appalling social evil is not confined to the U.S. alone and it is a global phenomenon. â€Å"Increasingly, domestic violence is being recognized as a very serious social problem in most countries around the world. Perhaps through studying the problem in other countries, we can continue to make progress in our own.† (Summers, xvi) Therefore, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the major problems of domestic violence in the present-day American society with those of other cultures such as Australian , Russian, Jamaican, and Japanese in order to offer a greater insight into problems related with it. ... In the United States, family or domestic violence is a reality happening on a frequent and frightening level. Several studies on the topic have maintained that sixty percent of the families in the U.S. use violence on a regular basis, while the rate of child abuse in the nation is more than ninety percent. â€Å"Further statistics indicate that 1 in 4 young American women will be raped, and 50 percent of all women will be beaten at least once in a relationship†¦ In the United States, 2,000 children a year are killed at the hands of their parents or guardians. The estimates of physical child abuse are between 2000,000 and 2.8 million a year†¦ Sexual abuse estimates range from 130,000 to 1.3 million cases a year.† (Leeder, 238) Therefore, it is essential to realize that domestic violence in the United States has been a major threat to social stability and gender equality. Several social security policies and legislations such as the Violence against Women Act in 1994 h ave been adopted in the nation to fight against the increasing number of domestic violence. A careful analysis of the current trends in the country indicates that domestic violence has been recognized as a tragic and costly phenomenon. â€Å"Since the 1970s, more accurate methods of measuring its incidence have been developed, new laws have been enacted, and a plethora of agencies have been established to not only support victims but also prevent its occurrence.† (Summers, 170) However, domestic violence has not been confined to the U.S. alone, and nations across the globe are affected by the results of this social plague. An understanding of the extend of the problems of

The (IEP) Individualize Educational Plan for students with speech and Research Paper

The (IEP) Individualize Educational Plan for students with speech and language disorders - Research Paper Example Inclusive education is defined by the Salamanca Framework of Action as â€Å"education in the mainstream of regular education regardless of race, linguistic ability, economic status, gender, age, ability, ethnicity, religious and sexual orientation†. The Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA, 2004) prescribed educational institutions to thoroughly consider the needs of students with special education needs. Each child with disability will be furnished with an Individualized Education Program (IEP). An IEP is the educational map used for children with disabilities availing of special education services in schools. Under Public law 108-144, the IEPs are required to have the following components: the child’s present level of performance; measurable annual goals; how the child’s progress toward meeting the annual goals will be measured and when periodic reports on the progress the child is making toward meeting the annual goals will be provided; the special educati on (i.e., specially designed instruction) and related services and supplementary aids and services, based on peer-reviewed research to the extent practicable, to be provided to the child; program modifications or supports for school personnel that will be provided for the child; the extent to which the child will not participate with nondisabled children in the regular classroom; and individual appropriate accommodations that are necessary to measure the academic achievement and functional performance of the child on state and districtwide assessments (PL 108-446, 2004) IDEA (2004) emphasizes the accurate and objective measurement of the student’s progress B. Statement of the Problem This paper aims to explore what individual education programs (IEPs) are for children with special education needs. How is the curriculum modified to suit their needs? C. Summary This chapter has presented the concept of inclusion education the Individualized Educational Program as mandated by la w to be provided to children with special education needs. II. Literature Review A. Introduction and Overview Children with special education needs usually have more difficulty coping with the learning tasks in the inclusive classroom, considering they learn with more able peers. Thanks to government mandates Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) and No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) as implementation from the Salamanca Framework of Action of UNESCO that children with special education needs have same rights and privileges as typically-developing children. Diliberto and Brewer (2012) define the IEP as the â€Å"curriculum road map for special education services developed by a team of individuals who are critical to the student's educational success† (p. 31). This program should be based on the appropriate assessment of the student’s strengths and needs by the whole IEP team (O'Conner & Wyasik, 2008). In order to address the learning needs of students with special educ ation needs, teachers should prepare their IEP based on the recommended goals and objectives of professionals who have diagnosed the learners. The teachers themselves should assess the students’ academic performance in all subjects or curricular areas by using both formal and formal assessment materials, interviews with other teachers of their observations and determining the students’ strengths and weaknesses. All observations and judgments regarding the students’ abilities should be considered in the design of the IEP. After looking into the student, the teacher should now analyze if the curriculum for the students’ class or level is appropriate to the students with spe

Diversity Dimension Differentiate Range Visible Non Visible Differences Business Essay

Diversity Dimension Differentiate Range Visible Non Visible Differences Business Essay Generally, diversity is any dimension that is used to differentiate a range of visible and non-visible differences that exist between groups or people. An inclusive view of diversity means understanding and valuing the characteristics and beliefs of those who demonstrate a wide range of characteristics. Such as, differences in ethnicity, gender, age, nationality, disability, sexual orientation, education, and religion (RBC, 2009). A broad conceptualization of diversity has the capacity to recognize not simply individual diversity, but also the heterogeneous nature of diverse social groups within the workforce (Liff, 1999), for example women, minority ethnic groups and disabled. There are various differences human resource management find when accommodating or integrating diversity and fairness (equal opportunity) into their organisation employment process. Although sometimes used interchangeably, the terms equality and diversity are not the same. When diversity is used in contrast to equality, it is about recognizing individual as well as group differences, treating people as individuals, and placing positive value in the community and workforce. Whereas, equality is about creating a fairer society were everyone can participate and has the opportunity to fulfill their potential, (DH, 2004). Equality is the idea of equal treatment and respect, where as, diversity is more than this as we all bring with us diverse perspectives, work experiences, life styles and cultures. Some use diversity as a descriptive term for an approach intended to provide a certain social environment in which people are not excluded from the activities of society, such as education, employment, or health care, on the basis of immutable traits. According to Paul Ricky (2000), there are two levels of diversity; first level dimensions consist of characteristics that are impossible or difficult for individuals to change. Second level dimensions comprises of characteristics which individuals have a degree of control through choices about their acquisition and modification. Whereas equal opportunities are about ensuring that everyone is entitled to freedom from discrimination. There are two main types of equality encompassed in equal opportunities thus equality of treatment which is concerned with treating everyone the same. In an organizational context this recognizes that institutional discrimination may exist in the form of unfair procedures and practices that favor those with some personal attributes, over others without them. Therefore the task of equal opportunities is concerned with the elimination of these barriers. The second one is equality of outcome which focuses on policies that either have an equal impact on different groups or intent the same outcomes for different groups, (Marjon, 2009). On the other hand when we talk about managing diversity, we are referring to the harnessing of these differences to create a productive environment in which everyone feels valued, talents are fully utilized and organizational goals are met Kandola and Fullerton (1998). Lorbiecki and Jack (2000) highlighted that United Kingdom seem to fix peoples differences into six main groups through legislation and does not allow for change or movement. Legislation is a law that aims to change peoples behavior to conform to a certain standard (rules). Hence why their diversity management limits itself to six main groups and this suggest that someone will always be discriminated against as people do not always fit nicely into one group. Where as equal opportunities focus on creating equality of opportunity, regardless of any differences (Johnstone, 2002). Equal opportunities approach is a legislation that should indicate a state of balance yet legislation itself is about controlling, standardizing and ensuring everyone follows the same rules. The same can be said about managing diversity as it aims to control people through policies and procedures. Managing diversity standardizes people by allocation them into groups, encouraging them to follow certain rules or (legislation) and use this to control them. From this, the term managing diversity could be a more liberal or free thinking word for legislation, as they both have the same agenda which is to conform and set standards that everyone must follow . This portion of the business case, often referred to as inclusion, relates to how an organization utilizes its various relevant diversities. As a source and driver of innovation, diversity is a big idea in business and in society, (RBC, 2009). The business case for diversity, theorizes that in a global marketplace, a company that employs a diverse workforce (both men and women, people of many generations, people from ethnically and racially diverse backgrounds) is better able to understand the demographics of the marketplace it serves and is thus better equipped to thrive in that marketplace. The real benefits of having a diverse workplace of employers and employees who value one another and the different contributions they can make to help a business achieve its potential; that is maximizing profits. Perhaps the most compelling argument underlying the business case for diversity relates to marketing and business development, (Marjon, 2009). Diversity training aims to combat racism, sexism, exclusion, and ethnocentrism. However, todays marketplace offers an additional connotation which is more positive as it gives business a competitive edge in an increasing global community, (DTUI, 2004). The business can benefit from multicultural workforce expertise, for example if a UK company does business in Asia, having British-Asian on your negotiating team would greatly improve your chances of success, (Thiederman, 2002). In addition, recruiting a diverse workforce has tangible benefits as many businesses find it helpful to have a workforce that reflects the community and international market place they trade in. This can help them tailor their goods and services so as to build trust and goodwill among customers and suppliers thereby improving their reputation as a diverse business. Diversity is beneficial to businesses as it brings better decision making and improved problem solving, greater creativity and innovation, which leads to enhanced product development, and more successful marketing to different types of customers, Fine (1980). Other benefits of business building a diverse workforce include: having a wider range of resources, skills and ideas among your employees, improving staff retention, leading to lower recruitment and training costs and increasing employee efficiency and reduced stress due to cross-functional teams, that is employees are capable of a variety of roles due to their different backgrounds and skill sets. It also enables businesses to build a competitive edge in recruitment and retention as you can select from a bigger pool of candidates. By recruiting employees from under-represented businesses avoid claims of unfair discrimination by employing women in a traditionally male environment. An additional corollary suggests that a company that supports the diversity of its workforce can also improve customer satisfaction, productivity and retention. By recruiting employees from under-represented groups, they can avoid alienating potential customers. For example a diverse workforce can also help business understand their customers better by helping to identify: problems that customers may have, such as language barriers and poor access for disabled people and how customers with different religious beliefs or from different backgrounds might react to their business or product (Business Link, 2009). If a workforce is diverse, but the employer takes little or no advantage of that breadth of that experience, then it cannot monetize whatever benefits background diversity might offer. Some organizations believe that simply having diversity and equal opportunities policies is sufficient evidence to tackle discrimination, (see Richards, 2001). However legislation cannot change the way people think, their inner beliefs and feelings therefore they break the law. This is probably due to the fact that equality policies fit disadvantage people into groups, as explored by Kirton and Green (2005) and this focus of difference seem to disadvantage people. In addition to this statistics from ACAS (2008) reported that discrimination claims have increased over the year. This proves that legislation failed to control people or organizations from discriminating and there is still the notion of stigma existing in the midst of our society regardless of the law. The law as suggested by Johnstone (2002) does not promote diversity and does not actually recognize the term diversity but instead compliance with the law is a business case for any organization to adopt a diversity policy as it acts as standard guideline to avoid discrimination. The law, as explored by Kirton and Green (2005, pp.169), does not have mystical powers to change society. Arguably, the social justice and business case arguments for diversity are complementary, because unless people are treated fairly at work they will feel less than fully committed and will therefore under-perform. But diversity takes equality forward, and evidence indicates that organizations that are serious about diversity show better overall financial performance. There are three broad strands supporting the case for going beyond what is required by legislation and introducing diversity policies: people issues, market competitiveness, and corporate reputation. Organizations which follow them are also more likely to find it easier to comply with increasingly complex legal obligations, not least because diversity will be embedded in their cultures. The social justice argument is based on the belief that everyone should have a right to equal access to employment and when employed should have equal pay and equal access to training and development, as well as being free of any direct or indirect discrimination and harassment or bullying. This can be described as the right to be treated fairly, and  the law sets minimum standards. Yet in reality unemployment is twice as high among people from ethnic minorities, although there are relatively more Chinese, Indian and Black African graduates than white graduates. Only 12 per cent of white men are in professional occupations, as opposed to 21 per cent of Chinese and Indian men. A diversity approach understands that our social identity in terms of gender, race, disability, age, social class, sexuality and religion will impact on our life experiences. For example, occupational segregation; women make up almost 75 percent of the NHS workforce but are concentrated in the lower-paid occupational areas: nursing, allied health professionals, administrative workers and ancillary workers (DH, 2005). Also people from black and minority ethnic groups comprise 39.1 percent of hospital medical staff yet they comprise only 22.1 percent of all hospital medical consultants (DH, 2005). Good diversity practice identifies these patterns of experience based on group identity, and the challenging processes that limit individuals potential health and life chances. Historically, employers ignored certain difference. However, individual and group diversity needs to be considered in order to ensure that everybodys needs and requirements are understood and responded to within employment practice and service design and delivery. One way in which organizations have responded to the issue of diversity in recent years has been the development of flexibility in working practices and services. For example, an employer may allow an employee to work a flexible working pattern to accommodate child care arrangements, or a GP surgery may offer surgeries at the weekends in accommodate those who work full time during the week. Another example of diversity in practice was shown by Worcestershire County Council in 2002 when they launched, Worcestershire We All Make It Unique. This was a four phase race diversity communication and training programme designed specifically to raise awareness among employees and to improve customer service, particularly in the larger ethnic minority communities that it served. This example shows quite starkly that organizations situated in seemingly ethnically homogenous locations, who claim that diversity is not relevant for them, may need to look more closely at their customers and the sub-regions and divisions of the locality in which they operate because these may have greater diversity and differing requirements CIPD, 2009. Hence why, employer engagement is a vital driver for organizations top and bottom-line performance. Employer engagement can be broadly defined as employers consistently acting in the best interests of the organization and in this context it is linked to raising public awareness. These in turn, inform intersecting relationships between employer skills needs and education (work-based learning), educational and workplace competency, and quality (accreditation of employer based training, and credit accumulation and transfer systems) and vocational competency (fit for practice, and fit for purpose), Springerlink (2009). Human resource managers must be willing to work towards changing the organization in order to implement a culture of diversity and inclusion. There is a compelling business case which should encourage organizations to look beyond legal compliance with anti-discrimination laws to a value-added approach enabling competitive benefits to be gained from developing good practice. Therefore diversity strategies need to be designed to support business objectives and strategies to add real value to business performance. Just doing diversity for cosmetic reasons is misguided and can result in undesirable outcomes such as raising expectations through false promises. When implementing a diversity programme it has to go far beyond the limits of equal employment opportunity and affirmative action. High performing diversity managers recognize that specialized skills are necessary for creating a productive, diverse workforce. They seek out continuous learning opportunities and some go as far as acquiring certification. Assessment skills and diversity education are key elements of culture change. However, the leaderships support of the change cannot be understated. Effective communication is very crucial in implementing a diversity programme. Brownells 2003 article identifies three skills which help to develop effective communication in diverse organizational environments. These skills include self-monitoring, empathy, and strategic decision-making. Self-monitoring refers to the communicators awareness of how his or her behavior affects another person, empathy enables the receiver to go beyond the literal meaning of a message and strategic decision-ma king implies that the sources, channels and substance of the messages conveyed, are mindfully selected, Adam (2007). The key to implementing a diversity approach is increasing individual awareness of and sensitivity to differences of race, gender, social class, sexual orientation, physical ability, and age Page (2007). There are several ways to go about creating the multicultural organization that performs extremely well. For example, Cox mentions language training as a way to promote a multicultural organization. Language training is important for companies hiring foreign nationals. This type of training helps to communicate to employees that languages, other than English, are highly valued. In addition equal opportunity seminars, focus groups, bias-reduction training, research, and task forces are methods that organizations have found useful in reducing culture-group bias and discrimination Fine (1980). While diversity in the workplace brings about many benefits to an organization, it can also lead to many challenges. It is the responsibility of managers within organizations to use diversity as an influential resource in order to enhance organizational effectiveness. Walck (1995) defines managing diversity in the workplace as negotiating interaction across culturally diverse groups, and contriving to get along in an environment characterized by cultural diversity. There are many challenges faced by culturally diverse workplaces, and a major challenge is miscommunication within an organization. In an article by Brownell (2003), she explains that meanings of messages can never be completely shared because no two individuals experience events in exactly the same way. Even when native and non-native speakers are exposed to the same messages, they may interpret the information differently. Cultural bias which includes both prejudice and discrimination is an additional factor which challenges culturally diverse work environments. Prejudice refers to negative attitudes toward an organization member based on his or her culture group identity, and discrimination refers to observable adverse behavior for the same reason, Fine (1980). Another challenge faced by diverse organizational environments is assimilation. According to Fine (1980) assimilation into the dominant organizational culture is a strategy that has had serious negative consequences for individuals in organizations and the organizations themselves. Those who assimilate are denied the ability to express their genuine selves in the workplace; they are forced to repress significant parts of their lives within a social context that frames a large part of their daily encounters with other people. People who spend significant amounts of energy coping with an alien environment have less energy left to do their jobs. Assimilation does not just create a situation in which people who are different are likely to fail; it also decreases the productivity of organizations Page (2007). Other organizational theorists have suggested reasons that work-teams highly diverse in work-relevant characteristics can be difficult to motivate and manage. Pages (2007) mathematical modeling research of team work supports this view. He demonstrated that heterogeneous teams consistently out-performed homogeneous teams on a variety of tasks. He also points out that diversity in teamwork is not so simple in the messy real world. Too often the cultural differences create problems. The goal is to manage diversity to take full advantage of it. Figure 2 below shows how organizations can move from where most are at present to a situation in which diversity successfully enters the mainstream. Figure 2: CIPD (2009). In order for diversity efforts to succeed, organizations must hold everyone; (individual, interpersonal, group and organizational) accountable through a proactive, progressive that is both prospective and retrospective, (Thiederman, 2002). Diverse organizations will be successful as long as there is a sufficient amount of communication within them. Because people from different cultures perceive messages in different ways, communication is vital to the performance of an organization. Miscommunication within a diverse workplace will lead to a great deal of challenges. In addition for diversity management to be successful it should engage with all business processes and stakeholders and not limited to the Human resource function.   Finally for any diversity programme to be successful after its introduction it needs to go beyond legislation compliance (following rules) to ever attempt to treat people the same and avoid discrimination. Never the less, to be inclusive and equal to all, organizations may need to respond differently to individuals or groups. Therefore, a commitment to equality in addition to recognition of diversity means that different can be equal. REFERENCING Brownell, J., 2003. Developing Receiver-Centered Communication in Diverse Organizations. Listening Professional, 2(1), pp.5-25. Business Link. 2009. Widen your choice of employees to improve competitiveness. [Online] Available at: http://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?type=RESOURCESitemId=1074421939 [Assessed 27 November 2009]. CIPD. 2009. Managing diversity in practice: supporting business goals. [Online] Available at: http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/dvsequl/general/_mngdvprsmy.htm [Assessed 5 December 2009]. Diversity Training University International. 2004. What is the diversity training profession? [Online] Available at: http://www.dtui.com/qapg1.html [Assessed 20 November 2009]. Faculty Development. 2008. 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